句子填空思路独特,与正常的阅读理解迥然不同,他是一种文字与文字之间,概念与概念之间的逆向推理游戏,是众多考生望而生畏,觉得捉摸不透的体型之一。
2.1 : 寻找重复
既然空格的信息会在原文中重复,所以重复的方式成为我们关心的焦点,大家试比较下面两到例句:
例1: Aleksandra Solzhenitsyn’s proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his book would someday appear in his native Russia.
(A)foresight (B)nostalgia (C) folly (D)despair (E)artistry
例 2: The new concert hall proved to be a : it was costly, acoustically unsatisfactory, and far too small.
(A) colossus (B) milestone (C) debacle (D) consecration (E) fabrication
这两道例句典型体现了不同的重复的方式,第一道例句由解释关系以及when连接词明确规定出空格应与predict同义,所以选foresight.第二道题用了冒号的整整一句话来描述concert的相关情况,要求考生自行总结为一个形容词填到空格中去。一场音乐会场地小,音响效果又不好,又昂贵的音乐会自然是大失败:debacle。
每个空格在原句中都会有一个词或者一串词与之重复,我们称这个词为中心词。这种重复可以是同义直接重复,也可能是反义重复,这种中心词和空格之间的同义、反义的关系即为逻辑关系。所以我们解题时并不需要反反复复的阅读全句,而只需要找到中心词及逻辑关系即可。
我们将一个句子形象地看成一条线,每个单词就是其上的一点。第一个例句用predict这个个词重复空格这个词,我们将之称为“点对点”;第二个例句用冒号后的一个句子重复空格这一次词,我们将之称为“线对点”。
“点对点”例子
例 3: Castillo‘s poetry has generated only enthusiastic response: praise from the general public and from the major critics.
(A) condemnation (B) sarcasm (C) plaudits (D) irony (E) pathos
解: praise 对应 plaudits
例4:The Earth’s oceans sustain a of marine creatures: an abundance that makes the seas teem with life and activity.
(A) melee (B) profusion (C) configuration (D) symmetry (E) dimension
解:abundance对应profusion 或者 teem with 对应profusion
“线对点”例子
例 5:The editor‘s comment was not intended as a critic but as a by which she sough further clarification
(A) query (B) confession (C) dismissal (D) condemnation (E) credo
解:“she sough further clarification by”对应 query
例6:Perhaps the most visible sign of the nature of the Cherokee nation was the fact that the women who led each clan picked the chief.
(A) stoic (B) matriarchal (C) defensive (D) caustic (E) didactic
解:the women who led each clan picked the chief 对应 matriarchal
2.2 :排除干扰 抓住主干
所谓干扰就是指主干以外的一切成分,如定语从句、同位语从句、分词短语作修饰语大的借此短语作修饰语,等等。这些都是我们阅读是需要跳过去的部分。有时候一个句子中这些成分多达几个,更是阅读时的障碍,应该毫不犹豫地跳过去,先提炼出句子的主干。这种能力是sat填空解题的基础,在sat填空的题目中,以下几项应该重点排除:人名 地名 年代 专有名词 无空格的插入语、定语从句。
例7 Crazy Love, by Elias Miguel Munoz, is an novel: it takes the form of a series of letters.
(A) archetypal (B) epistolary (C) inauspicious (D) inconspicuous (E) illusory
解:排除Crazy Love, by Elias Miguel Munoz,的干扰 直接替换成It,再根据线对点法则选择与a series of letters 对应的epistolary
例8 Rosita Peru, who rose to become the highest ranking female in the television industry, was recruited: Spanish language program producers courted her persistently.
(A) indiscriminately (B) enigmatically (C) vicariously (D) rancorously (E) assiduously
解:排除干扰 人名 无空格的定语从句 用A B替换 人名 题目则可以改写成
A was recruited: B courted her persistently。一目了然:persistently对应assiduously
例 9 Although hostile demonstrations and marred James Meredith’s 1962 enrollment at the University of Mississippi, the commencement ceremony in which he became the university’s first African American graduate was surprisingly .
(A) discord.. tranquil (B) pomp.. daunting (C) banality.. conventional (D) turmoil.. controversial (E) serenity.. opportune
解:排除干扰成分 人名 地名 年代 以及定语从句,可以把句子改写成:Although hostile demonstrations and marred A’s enrollment, the commencement ceremony was surprisingly .第一个空与demonstrations 取同义,选discord 第二个空与mar取反义,选tranquil
例10 The stage director insisted that before the next performance the set be to eliminate its dinginess.
(A) requisitioned (B) enlarged (C) refurbished (D) demolished (E) relocated
解:找出句子的主干 句子可以改写为 The set is to eliminate its dinginess.
to eliminate its dinginess.很快就可以把C refurbish 选出来
例11 Ballads often praise popular figures who have performed feats that many perceive as;such as defending the poor or resisting authority.
(A) modest.. acceptable (B) inescapable. .legitimate (C) insufficient.. overpowering (D) admirable.. unjust (E) unbelievable.. tolerable
解:找出空格所在的那句话的主干 排除干扰成分 句子提炼为:Many perceive them as; such as defending the poor or resisting authority. 第一个空和defending the poor 对应,马上选出D admirable
例12 Conceptually, it’s hard to reconcile a defense attorney’s to ensure that false testimony is not knowingly put forward with the attorney’s mandate to mount the most defense conceivable foe the client.
(A) efforts cautious (B) duty powerful (C) inability eloquence (D) failure diversify (E) promise informed
解:只要分清主干 reconcile a defense attorney’s (duty) with the attorney’s mandate 即可知道空格应该填mandate 的反义词:duty 选B
2.3:一次处理一个逻辑
对于两空型的sat填空来说,一般需要进行两次逻辑推理才能确定两个空的内容,做题时切勿抱着一次就把两个空格上的内容一次就推理出来,人脑的逻辑推理每次只能进行一次,所以相应地读句子时,每次只读一个逻辑层面。
例13:Acid rain is damaging lakes in way, causing the virtually unnoticed___ of these aquatic ecosystems.
A manifest……eradication B a nefarious…..polarization C an insidious…..destruction D a methodical…. amalgamate E an obvious…..stagnation
解:一次解决一个空 先找到第一个空的对应点unnoticed 选出 insidious 再找第二空的对应点damage 选出destruction(causing伴随 表示同样的状态,所以是同义的逻辑关系)。若一次处理两个逻辑的话,则会陷入混乱。
例14:
The speech was a of random and contradictory information that could not be integrated into , consistent whole.
(A) collage.. ..a rambling (B) development.. .. an ambiguous (C) hodgepodge.. .. a coherent (D) morass.. .. an amorphous (E) harangue.. .. an unintelligible
解:一次处理一层逻辑,一般情况下是先看第二个空,找出第二个空同义重复对应点consistent,选出coherent ,然后根据线对点,that 后面的一句话对应空格选出hodgepodge。
例15:Notoriously regarding issues of national security, the Prime Minister dumbfounded her opponents when she a defense appropriations bill they had expected her to contest.
(A) evenhanded.. .. muddled (B) compliant.. .. conceded on (C) pacific.. .. opposed (D) intransigent.. .. compromised on (E) rancorous .. .. railed against
解:略
例 16:
The incompetent judge conducted the hearing in so a manner that the entire proceeding was considered a , an insult to the standards of the judicial system.
(A) apathetic.. .. victory (B) exacting.. .. spectacle (C) astute.. .. debacle (D) negligent.. .. travesty (E) surreptitious. .. triumph
解:略
2.4 :选词优先 理解为辅
例1: Aleksandra Solzhenitsyn’s proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his book would someday appear in his native Russia.
(A)foresight (B)nostalgia (C) folly (D)despair (E)artistry
解:当用点对点的方法选出foresight,解出这道题后,为了节约时间这个题目就应该到此为止。因为that后面的内容已经无关紧要了,可以换成任何一种预言的内容。
例 17:The skepticism of some ancient philosophers and helps to elucidate varieties of nihilism that appeared in the early nineteenth century .
(A) suppresses (B) disseminates (C) undermines (D) confounds (E) foreshadows
解:通过and前面的空格and后面找重复原则,找到对应点help, 同义的逻辑关系推出空格上应该选E foreshadow。这个题目出现了一些人类学的专业词汇,如果纠结与题目的意思,则会走如误区。所以选出答案,这个sat填空题就应该完成了。
例 18:The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a that arises from the values on which these objectives are based.
(A) conflict (B) redundancy (C)gain (D) predictable (E) wisdom
解:主干简化后为“The disjunction reflects a ,” 那么空格上肯定是选与disjunction同义的conflict。词句的其余部分都是冗余信息,disjunction之后的between…..and 所连接的两件事物换成不同的人生观、不同的历史观、不同的世界观。只要不同的价值管所能导致的一切不同观点即可。题目的答案根本不受影响。
1.5总结
Sat填空做题四步走:1:分析句子结构
2: 根据逻辑关系定位重复的点或线
3:选词
4:理解句意
但是在考场上第四步是可做课不做的,这已经在法则四中做了充分的解释。第三步选词一定要注意是在第二步之后进行,第二步推理出空格的含义之后再去选词,千万不要在尚未根据原句推知空格信息,仍然是一头雾水的情况下去看选项,这样非但选不出词来,很有可能会掉进那些本来就是故意设计的似是而非的各色陷阱中去。
中国考生往往对数理逻辑的正像推理轻车熟路,而对文字内部的逆向推理则非常陌生。很多考生上了考场仍然误以为“读懂就行”。试想,如果连句子主干的谓语动词都是一个空格,怎么可能阅读呢?我们过去经常做的政治、历史等学科的填空题是一种知识性填空题,比如要你填入攻陷巴士底狱的时间,或者萨拉热窝事件中被谋杀的公爵的名字等等。此时,考题考察你的记忆能力,答案是你上场前记忆下来带到考场上去的。而我们即将面对的sat填空,题目本身不涉及任何专业知识,否则不会来源于专业知识的记忆,永远来自题目内部,一言蔽之,答案都会在原句中重复。我们需要做的只是在原句中将已提供出来的答案找出来而已。
Sat填空主要有两种类型,如果按照空格的数量来分的话:一空型和两空型,目前没有出现过三空型的,那样就是完形填空了。
一空型的题型句子比较短,相对来说阅读起来比较省力,但是虽然短,难度并不是一定会低,一空型的sat填空如果要难的话,就主要是难在单词上,包括题目中的词汇和选项中的词汇。所以,如果你实在是没背单词,而一空型的句子又出现在section的最后几道题(一般情况,一个section中越往后题目越难),在这种情况下往往会遇到选项中一个单词都不认识的,那样的话就可以放弃不做。(sat倒扣分计分方式介绍)
虽然一空型的题目读起来可能比两空型的要流畅一些,貌似不需要什么特别的技巧,虽然大的招数没有,但是一些小的伎俩也还是有的.
我们在第一讲中,sat填空审题的最重要的目标是找到空格所对应的那个重复,那要怎么样在繁杂的无用信息的干扰中找到很快很准的找到那个重复,这里介绍一个小方法。抓住信号。
Sat填空虽然每个题目内容都不一样,但是在一些题目中总有几个词,或者是一些标点符号总是会重复出现的,这些重复出现的东东就是信号,信号一出现,一般就会指示出重复的大致位置。
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